My recent trip to Sudan was disappointing, mainly because I missed a lot of events and didn't get to see Rashid Diab's Art Centre.
I’ve been away from Sudan for more than three years before going back last
December. I had the unfortunate opportunity of visiting again about a week ago.
Sudan is a funny place. Not “haha” funny, but treacherous underachievement
funny. Khartoum has expanded significantly in the last two decades, albeit
haphazardly. Land is abundant, and people are buying it left, right and centre.
Roads connect the expansions. I say roads but they’re actually lumps of tarmac
on minimal foundations steamrolled into perfect unevenness. It’s like the bumps
are deliberate. The roads make areas accessible, and make hitherto worthless
houses more investment worthy, because they’re “on a road.” So people invest;
in houses, land, apartment buildings, whatever can be purchased – almost
everything mind you. At the same time, old roads are constantly losing shape.
So, new roads lead to new houses, and old roads lead to, well, not very far.
This will continue, the new roads will eventually become the old roads, and the
chaotic expansion of Khartoum will reach the border with Eritrea.
What’s baffling is the constant
expansion. Other than not making sense, this expansion has instilled a sense of
achievement among the masses. Many people think we’ve come a long way, you
know, because we have roads and shit. I stumbled upon a theory in Khartoum;
it’s not really a theory, I just figured this ought to be how people measure
betterment. The theory goes: development is directly proportional to the annual
percentage increase of restaurants in Khartoum.
The more restaurants there are, the further we’ve come. There is a shit
load of new colleges too. You can earn a diploma in Business Administration or
Computer Technology for as low as $3 a term. I’m exaggerating. But they’re
plenty. I’m not against the proliferation of educational institutes, but since
the privatisation of the education system, there has been a surge in below
standard university openings, almost as much as restaurants. Restaurants have
the upper hand as colleges tend to have restaurants and vice versa is
impossible, so far at least. So here’s the issue, what happens when most of
your population is getting poorly educated, regardless of the language it’s
being taught in? I’ll tell you what happens, Mashrouy happens. More on that
later.
Life in Sudan seems to be moving
forward though. It might be a bit of a stretch to claim that business is booming,
but bank loans are being handed out like leaflets at a political rally. When I
left Sudan in 2010 there were a handful of private banks, now, apparently,
there are 34. There’s a new bank in every corner in the capital city. I noticed
this, hence the investigation. They’re all doing business apparently, big
business too. But with whom? As far as I’m concerned Sudan is a net importer of
food, oil, agricultural produce, bathroom slippers, toothbrushes, and,
according to Usama Daoud, powdered milk. So who are the banks giving loans to? And
how are the repayments being made? I can only imagine that in some way or
another people are being traded in, maybe those that chill on the steps in
front of houses. I’ve been trying, very hard, for some time now to understand
how the Sudanese economy functions, but I’m still clueless. I asked a friend
who works in a bank, he said he didn’t know. So if you do know, please step
forward and provide an explanation. Please.
Then there’s this. If you’re fortunate
enough to get into a car in Sudan you will notice that every traffic light in
Khartoum has a countdown timer. I never understood the idea behind countdown
timers, I mean, you’re going to wait anyway, it doesn’t matter whether you know
how long you’ve got left or not. But that’s not the problem. Having a countdown
timer on a traffic light in Khartoum is like a bald person putting on hair gel.
That’s not how the world works. There are so many things wrong with Sudan,
whether I know I’m going to wait 30 seconds at the light or not is hardly the
issue. This is a recurring theme in most things Sudan; un-necessity.
There’s another recurring theme;
individualism. More than three quarters of the people I know are self employed,
the other quarter work in large private organisations. I know one person who works
for a public institution, and he doesn’t count. Look around you; think about
the people you know in your generation and the generation before yours. Right?
Right? No one works in the public sector, no one. There are reasons of course.
The public sector is underfunded because the government is, well, underfunding
it, the private sector is much more funded and offers better opportunities for
self development, the public sector’s entry requirements are as negligible as
those of a corner shop, etc. While the reasons are well known and understood,
their implications have been overlooked.
In 1956, in the year of Sudan’s
independence, only 2.5% of Sudan’s population lived in Khartoum. Even so, the
majority of Khartoum’s population resided in Omdurman. Khartoum was where the
state institutions were, and where people came to attend university. This meant
that those who did end up in university – or the public sector after attending
university – came from very humble backgrounds. After completing university,
whether in Sudan or abroad, the majority ended up working in the public sector.
Mainly because the government was the biggest employer back then, but also
because the government provided for everyone’s education. Either way, the
country’s human capital was concentrated in the public sector. Now, however,
even those who are able to afford decent education abroad come back and work in
the private sector. Most of us who can afford decent education abroad lead relatively comfortable lives, which translates into a lack of responsibility towards general wellbeing due to a distorted perspective. The private sector’s contribution to development in a
country like Sudan, other than providing jobs, is negligible. The private
sector has no responsibility towards the country whatsoever. Even if we assume
there exists some degree of enforced liability. And, inadvertently, working in
the private sector will benefit the individual more than the country. So here’s
our problem: nowadays the country’s well educated and well trained individuals
end up in the private sector, which automatically weakens the public sector
(because it gets the rest), making the public sector less desirable for anyone
who’s qualified enough to get into the private sector (because it’s better
structured and more financially rewarding), which is a consequence of people
choosing more self-serving jobs, which leads to individualism. And
individualism is bad for a country like Sudan. Hence why we have projects like
Mashrouy.
Mashrouy is a television ccontest that
rewards entrepreneurship. Twelve contestants present their business ideas that
are then scrutinised by the panel of judges. Of the twelve, six are chosen
after some challenges. Three contestants from the remaining six will be chosen
to go on air, a winner will then be chosen by the viewers. The first prize is
200,000 SDG, and the second and third prizes are 150,000 SDG and 100,000 SDG
respectively. I found this silly. Other than the fact that it’s blatant
mimicking of Western television programs, another failure to comprehend the
difference between the developed world and the Third world, at best it’s a
short-term fix. Entrepreneurship, the type unconsciously being championed by
the organisers of the contest, requires solid foundations. At this level, entrepreneurship will only
succeed if the foundations are there for it to succeed. In Sudan, and the Third
world, entrepreneurship is more widespread than in the developed world. This is
a fact that the organisers of the project failed to see. There’s
entrepreneurship everywhere you look: tea ladies, cigarettes and mobile credit
vendors, food vendors, mechanics, traffic light vendors who sell anything from
mobile phone chargers to pillows. This is entrepreneurship out of necessity.
The entrepreneurship being supported through Mashrouy will eventually lead to
an individualistic perspective on life and on careers. Third world countries
like Sudan can’t survive with individualism. And sooner or later, in a country
where the rule of law is as fragile as Omar Al Bashir’s self esteem, one will
face obstacles of some sort; obstacles that are a direct consequence of
political mismanagement. Plus, there are a lot of negatives in promoting
business in a badly governed environment. Those among us with influence should
be directing people away from individualism, not towards it. We should be
encouraging activities that benefit society more than the individual. This type
of entrepreneurship in Sudan is like the countdown timers on the traffic
lights. It might even be worse, because there’s a huge chance that it’s
potentially harmful.
I have no doubt that more and more people now have fewer and fewer electricity cuts, there are new roads, more people have mobile phones, there are more cars on the road, there are more colleges, even more fat people. But the fact of the matter is that the electricity comes from the Merowe hydroelectric dam funded by Kuwait, the new roads cancel out with the state of the old roads, Chinese mobile phones are cheap and hence indicate nothing, most of the cars on the road are bought on unsupervised loans, all the new colleges and universities are below standard, and the fat people are actually unemployed thin people. It might seem Sudan is going somewhere, but it's actually not; maybe to the corner shop to chill. It gets worse. In a country where the more educated end
up in the private sector (or abroad), I don’t see what can be done in the near
future. Whoever said Sudan’s problems are purely political is as
myopic as those who sit on Mashrouy’s panel. You can’t stop the countdown
timers from infesting our traffic lights, but you can chose not to support
private sector oriented projects, no matter what good they claim to achieve. Short term fixes are exactly that, short term. Oh, and the banks, f*** the banks.
On a more positive note, this is by
far the best thing to come out of Sudan in a while. Please check it out.
Btw, I still want that explanation. I
would say it’s because of my poor grasp of economics, but I have a feeling no
one knows what’s going on.
